Photographic shutter.



P. J. MARKS. PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED APE-.13, 1908.

5 SHBBTSSHEET 1.

b1 zoom W 6 Z1072 1 Git-0mm P. J. MARKS. PHOTOGRA'PHIG SHUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 13, 1908.

946,679, Patented Jan. 18,1910. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

( 12cc avmnnfoz i vi tn woes I Q WQmwM Q P. J. MARKS. PHOTOGRAPHICSHUTTER. APPLICATION, 11.31) APR.13, 1908.

, Patehted Jan. 18,1910.

P. J. MARKS.

PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER. APPLICATION FILED APR. 13, 1908'.

Patented Jan. 18,1910.

5 SHEETSSHEBT 5 191 b1 mam with great rapidity, an

UNITED STATES PATENT ora ion.-

nanr. a. means, or nocnns'rnn, NEW YORK, .assrenon 'ro nasrnan xonax00., on

ROCHESTER, NEWLYOBK, A GORPQRAQION OF NEW YORK.

rno'roenarnio snowman.

- My present invention relates to camera shutters and particularly tothat class in which the exposure aperture is closed by ,a pluralit ofoverlapping pivoted blades, and ithas or its object to provide a novelor rangement of'these blades and an improved means for operating them,whereby the exposure aperture mag be 0 ened, and closed the maximumamount of light permitted to pass there-- through during said openingand closing movements. i

The invention also has for its object to provide certain novel'featuresin connection with the mechanism for controlling the operation of thebladwjormaking ex osures of different time duration, inclu in a' safetycatch for the master member, an an 0 improved arrangement of theseparts,

wherebythey ma be manufactured cheaply \and easily assem led.- To theseand other ends the invention consists in certain improvements andcombine 5 tions of parts all as will be hereinafter more fullydescribed, the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the endof the specification. t

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a front elsvation of a shutterconstructedin accor ance with m invention. Fig. '2 is a similar view with t e frontof the casing removed, the parts "of theshutter mechanism being 7 shownin their normai position. Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross. sectional viewtaken on the line 3 --3"'of'Fig.4. lar to Fig. 2, showing the operatingmember in the actuated position, the master member having been operatedto open the exposure,- blades andcaught on the safety stop, and

Fig. 5 shows theposition of the master mem- .ber arrested on the liulbstop after the safety.

stophas been .trippedoutof engagement therewith. Fig. 6 is a detail viewof the le- F ve'rs' controlling the operat on of the'expo- Specificationoi Letters Patent. Patented. Jan. Application filed April 13, 1998.Serial No. 28,674.

. on the line 1 9- 14 of. Fig. 12. Fi

Fig. 4 is a .view simi the latter illustrating the master -meinb erafter it has been actuated, to open the exposure leaves, released andcaught on thebulb stop. Fig. 9 is a view showing the exposurecontrolling member set in the position which it occupies when exposuresof 1/25 of a second are to be made, the operating memberbeing-illustrated in the actuatedposition at the point which it occupieswhen the master member is about to be released to close the .exposureblades. Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9, showing the'exposurecontrolling member adjusted in the position which it 00- cupies when itis set for making exposures of very short duration, such as 1/100 of amember in this view being shown in their normal position. Fig. 11 is a'view taken on the line 11"--11" of Fig. 3, parts of which are brokenaway to illustrate in detail the arrangement of the blades controllingthe exposure a erture of the shutter and the. die

phragm b ades which may be adjusted to vary the size of said aperture.Fig. 12 IS a sectional view taken on the line 12"-12 of F i F3, showinthe manner of mounting an o crating t e exposure-bladesl Fig. 13 is a ddtail sectional view takenonthe line 13"-'-13*.ofFig. '1.- Fig. 14 is anenlarged detail sectional view, illustratingthe mount-' second, themaster member and operating ing of the exposure blades, which is taken v15 isa lan view showing the interior of t e 08.8111

illustrating the mounting of the journa member carryin the-shutter.blades. Fi

16 and 17 are etail'views illustrating t e indicator controlledby theoperatin memberfof the shutter, the first view .5 owing thesegiarts intheir norma position and the s'econ in the actuated position.

figures indicate similar parts.

' In carryin' out the" vention'the'operab- Similar reference numerals.in'the' several;

projecting adapted to receive the forward lens or lens 12 beingoscillatory movement of the ring-14.

system, the complement or rear lens or lens system thereof being secured,within the threaded collar 6, surrounding the central aperture in therear-wall 1 of the casing, said collar being also exteriorly threaded,as illustrated in Fig. 3, to permit the shutter to be mounted on theusual carriage forming the front of a camera. The collar 6 is providedwith a laterally extending flan e 7 by means of which it may be secureby screws, rivets or other suitable fastening devices to the rear wallof; the casing, and the latter is provided with an annular recess, asindicatedat' 8, to accurately center the ring 6 in alinement with thecollar ,5 on the front of the casing. The edge of the aperture in therear wall and the proximate end of the ring 6 are chamfered to provide aV-shaped r annular channel, as shown particularly in Figs. 3, 13 and 14,formin a raceway in which anti-friction bearing alls 9 may be arrangedand on which -is journaled the member employed for o crating theexposure blades. This mem r comprises the annulus 10 located within theaperture of rear wall 1 and extending rearwardlytherefrom, its interiordiameter defining the exposure aperture of the shutter. On the outerside of the ring are the opposing inclined bearing shoulders 11 and 12engaging the inner surface of the balls 9, the rear shoulder preferablymade as a separate part which is threaded on the annulus 10, permittingits adjustment, both to facilitate the mountin of the member in theshutter casing and a so to enable the bearing to be adjusted to take upany lost motion therein.

The forward edge of the annulus, indicated:

by 13, projects beyond the shoulder 11 and .is expanded or beaded totightly fit the blade-carrying ring 14, which lies within the recessformed by off-setting the central portionof the back wall 1 of thecasing, as'indicated by 15. v V

The shutter blades controlling the exposure opening, illustratedparticularly in igs. 11 and 12, and indicated by 16, are locatedinzfront of and are operated b hthe ere are fiveof ,tliese 'blades,which are pivoted equidistant points.

upon bosses 17 struck up from said ringat P The blades are shaped, asshown in Fig. 12, with the points 18 which are adapted to overlapwhen inthe normal osition-to close the exposureaperture of e shutter, as showninFigs. 1 and-- -11. Each blade has the lateral edge 19 and thebottomf'edge 20 so curved that during their opening and closingmovements the five-pointed star-shaped aperture, shown. 11L

' Fig. 12,

is formed, the points ofthe star, developed between the bottom edge ofeach blade and the lateral edge ofthe adjacent of the casing.

wvlien closed an are upset. 5

manently connects to the 1:

blade, increasing in breadth as the points 18 of said bladesmoveoutwardly. "It will be seen,'theref0re, that as soon as the bladescommence their opening movement, the

aperture is not confined entirely to the center of the lens system, asis the case in shutters of the iris diaphragm type,-but that by reasonof the fact that a star-shaped aperture'is formed almost at thecommencementof the opening posure aperture is uncovered, and againdecreases until the points of the blades overlap the rays of lightadmitted through the lens system cover a larger field for a greater pro-89 portion of the time during which the blades are, in operation than isthe case in other shutters. As the staiesliap'ed aperture exposes theface of the lens uniformly, a high illumination through all partsthereof is obtained which greatly facilitates photographing rapidlymoving objects when the parts. of the shutter are set to operate.

Projecting outwardly from the pivotal points of the blades are tipsprovided with the slots 21 which extend at opposite sides of the bosses22 struck up from the rear wall 1 As the blades are made of ex-.tremely, thin material to reduce their weight to a minimum, theirpivotal apertures sur- 5 rounding the bosses 17 are provided withlaterally extending shoulders-23 and the edges of their tips which havea slight longitudinal, as well as a rotary movement about the bosses22,-are provided with similar shoulm ders 24 The points of the bladesoverlap as it is desirable to maintain them in their original assembledposition,

each blade is provided in proximity to its pivotal point with an apron25 which over-.101

laps the rear edge. of the adjacent blade and serves as .a guide for itsblades are rotated outward y. The remaining parts of the" shuttermechanism are mounted u on an assembling plate'- in the 114 form of aring 30 of which the master memll er, the operating member, the timecontrol ing member, together with the diaphragm, maV

all be assembled, these parts being then all '11 introduced into theshutter casing, and secured in roper position by screws pas'sin throught e ring 30 into the rear wall 1 0 I I said casing. I

An iris diaphragm: is'employed for 12 latingthe diameter of theexpo'sureopening,

comprising overlapping curved blades 32 formed oflthin sheet material ateach end of which are formedcollars, tlie ones'indica'ted by 33 beingdially exten ing'slots 34'jormed in the plate' 30, the collars 35extending turesin the adjusting plate 6 in which they This fastening ofthe blades permovement of the blades, which rapidly increases until theentire ex oint 18 as said levers and vthe. exposure controlling itionedn gllided in the ra- -15 hrough-aper- .1

35 therefrom. Where the plztte 36 which greatly facilitates assemblingthese small parts, as'it is then only necessary 6 to locate the collars33 in the respective slots 34, and if for any reason it is desired tode- -tach the diaphragm, the blades may be re moved with the ring 36 towhich they are united, The face of the assembling plate 30 is providedwith a recess 37 which accommodates the blades 32 and surrounding thelatter is a circular shoulder 38 on which the ring 36 is seated andadjustably secured be-.

- neath the ed es of the heads of screws 39. In order to a just the ring36 to the position of blades 32 to' rovide an exposure aperture of thedesired imensions, said ring is to vided with a forwardl extendin sh-ouder 40 which is rovided with a latera ly extend- The assembling late 30rests upon the in- 30 wardly extending osses 22 and is provided withapertures 29 registering therewith,

shown in Fig. 14, and revent the disengagement of the tipsof t eexposure blades late overlies the paths of the bosses 17 0n t e o eratinmember 14: it is prbvidcd with e ongate apertures and at its lower sideit,1s provided with a similar a rture 51 which accommodates the lateraly extending operating projection 52 on the blade operating plate 14which coiiperates with the'free end of the master member. At one end ofthe aperture is a shoulder 28, which enga es the projection 52 andlimits the forward movement of the plate 14. The master member is ivotedon the \post '53 on the assembling p ate 30 and in its'normalpo'sitionits free end lies in rear of the'proj'ection 52, as shown in Fig. 2, butwhen it is advanced and set in positionto open theexposure blades thefinger 54 thereon is carried over the projection 52 into 'engagemenpwiththe forward side thereof, the upper edge the ath' olffthe foperatingprojection 52- his concentric tdthe exposure aperture and 'therear'shoulder 55 off-the finger. 54 isv whic given suflicient length-toretract. the operatmg projection, to oscillate theblade operat- I jn'gplate 14 a 'su'tiioient'distame' to open the p which receive the pointsof the bosses, as

I of said projection being beve ledtotpermitthe freeend ofthe which are"determined by the length of time open the shutter blades, while the endof the finger retains them in this position while it is being carriedpast the projection and that if the master member is prevented durin itsrelease movement-from carrying the en 56E of the finger 54 out ofengagement with the projection 52, the blades will be retained in openposition, a fact which permits the shuti) ter blades to be controlledfor making either time or bulb exposures by a comparatively simplearrangement of controlling devices. The motor spring for restoring theblade operating member 14 to its normal position 5 to hold the blades 16closed, is indicated by I 57. One end thereof is secured in a performtion in the projection 52 and theother end is loosely coiled about astud or screw 58 and has its extremity 59 looped around the end of thespring 60, which latter is coiled on the stud 53, and has the 'end 61bearing against the projection 62 on the master member for actuating thelatter into'its normal position. a

The master member is provided with the actuating end 63 which extendsover the exposure aperture of the shutter into proximity with the fingerpiece operating lever 65 pivoted on the'stud 64 and projectingexteriorly of the casing. At its inner end the lever terminates in anoperating projection 66 which is adapted to engage with the downwardlyturned extremity 67 of the master member, as shown particularly in Fig.10, for moving said member intothe posi tion shown in Fig. 4,.when it isreleased, as shown in Fig; 9, by reason ofithe operating and operatedparts moving in intersecting paths and passing out of engagement. Alatch'connection is made between these parts by bevelih'gthe undersideof the projection I 67 so thatwhen the lever 65 is released and returnedto its normal position by the spring 68, its'proje'ction66 will deflectthe end '63 of the -.master member'- and resume its normal positioninfront of the projection 67, asshownin Fig. 10.. a

In order to control the closing-movement of the exposure blades oithe-shutter to per-' mit the making of time exposures, in-which.

said blades are opened and retained open; until the operating member65.is actuated' the second'time, and also to permit so-called bulbexposures to be made, the durations of 123 said operating member is heldin depressed osition, the so-called. time and bulb stop evers.are-arranged' for controll ng the movement of the lmaster member afterhas been actuated and released by the operating member. These levers aremoved by the. operating member and are governed in their movement bytheexp'osure controlling member, which will be presently described. Thebulb stoplever 70 is pivoted upon the post or stud 71 and at its outerend it is provided with the stop 72 which'is adapted to engagetheshoulder 73 on the end 63 of the master member, into alinement withwhich it is rotated by the end 745 of a ,spring 74 coiled around thestud 71. On this lever 70 is a cam surface 75whichis adapted tocooperate with the trip projection 76, on the operating member 65, tomove the lever 70 inwardly against the tension ,of the spring 74 for thepurpose of moving the stop-72'out of engagement with the projection 73torelease the member whenever the operating member 65 is released andreturned to its normal'positionby its spring 68. The time lever 77 iscarried on and pivotally connect and a notch 82, forming a time stop,which 77 has a notch '81, forming-a safety stop,

latter coiipera-tes with the projection 73 on" the master member andreceives the latter after it has been disengaged from the stop 72 on thebulb lever. The time lever is provided with an aperture 83 in whichthetrip projection 7 6"on the operating member travels. The rear side ofthis recess is provided with aeam-surface 84 which moves the time 40lever outwardly against the tension ot-the spring 79 during the downwardor actuating movement of the operating member 65 and then releases thetime lever as the projection 76'passes oi! the point of the cam, justprior to the. release. of the master member by thev disengagement ofvthe coiiperatihg projections 66 and 67. This releasing'of the timeleverallows-thesafet'ystop 81 to move into the path of the projection.73 on the" master member and carry the point of the cam 84 beneath theprojection 76 of the operating member, before said projection passes-offthe camsurface 75 of .the bulb le ver'70, saidcamsurfaces 75 apd 84 andthe 5 projection .86: being then in zthe position.

- shown in Fig.4. 'At the time the master member is cau ht on thesafetystop 81,-the finger 54 thereon has passed over the'operating projection52 0f the blade operating.

member 14, the blades being th nin v the closedpositionl Now,-if theoperator'cale lessly neglects to depress theoperatingmember to the limitof its movement the shut- 1 -ter blades will remain. closed and themasof the 'bulb' lever 70, the operating member the operating member 65projection .66 with t e projection coo ting with the indexes T, B, 2;,50 and %00, arranged- 'ter, member locked to prevent a false 'exposuremade. The advantage inlocking the master member is obvious, forotherwise, should the operatoriafl tomove the. projection 7 6beyond theend of the cam 75 65 would be permitted to return to its nor lmalposition with the master member, and 'the latter would open the bladesand release them to give a practically instantaneous exposure when atime exposure was desired, and the exposure controlling member wassetiIT the time position.

The safety sto 81 moves into alinement with the projection 73 of themaster. member and rests in the position shown in Fig. 4, under thecircumstances just describe but if the operator continues the downwardmovement of the operating lever 65 'the trip projection 7.6 will engagethe upper surface 85 of the slot83 to againelevate the time lever aftersaid projection has. assed beyond the cam surface 75 of the, ulb leverat which time the latter is rotated outwardly by the spring 74, so thatupon therelease of the master .member the ro'ection 73 thereon isarrested upon the 111 stop 72 as shown in Fig. 5. Now, the release 0rmits the pro- -ection76 to be rotated into. engagement with the pointof the cam 75 to move the bulb lever inwardly andas the time lever- 7 7moved by the 5 ring 79', follows the in- 1 ward movement o theprojection 76' the master member projection. 73 will be transferredfromthe bulb stop 72'to thetime stop .82, on which it will remain hol theexposure blades inthei'open position'until the time lever is' movedoutwardly by the subsequent depression of theoperatmg lever. and the egement of ihe projection 76 with the en 85 o'fthe slo-. v I

, When theshutter is set. for making time exposures the operating-member is pre vented from returning to its normal position to. preventenga einent of its o rating (i l of the master member, by the point ofthe'cam- 84 which then lies-in front. of the projection 76 of theoperating member while the master meilnber 15 held on the time stop 82,as shown 115 in 1g.6. Mounted on the upper part of the assem- 'blingplate 30 and pivoted upon the screw ,or stud '90 is the e "trollingmember 91- the operating or con- .4 arm 92., rojectin'g exterior y-ofthe shutter casing, tie extremity of isbent over to form an index fin er93 upon a circular: plate 95 attached to the' 125 frontof the casin ,asshown particularly 1n Figs. -1 and 13. j the rear of the arm.92

. thel e is mountedon g 3112 offthe shut ter casingm' a' ri m96providedwithnotg;

boss ha, with whi T-l-so a projection 97 on the finger 92 engages inorder to hold. the latter in whatever position of adjustment it may beset.

The member 91 is provided with a later ally'extending arm 96 at theextremity of which is a projection 97 extending rearwardly through slotsformed in both the time and bulb stop levers which whenthemember-isadjusted by the arm 92 to the bulb position *shown in Fig. 7, with itspointer cooperating with the letter B, engages the inner end of a camsurface 98 on the'time lever 77 to hold the latter-in retracted positionso that when the o erating member 65 is operated downwar the mastermember Wlll be-actuated, released and then caught on the bulb stop 72and retained in this position, holding the exposure blades open, untilthe operating member is released to discngagethe bulb lever from themaster member by the projection 76 in its downward movement engaging thepoint of the cam 75. The outer end of the cam surface '98 is'formedconcentric to. the pivot of the member 9150- that in whatever positionthe exposure and s eed controlling member 91 is adjusted, witi theexception of the time position, the time lever will be held inoperative,as will be seen from an inspection of Figs. 7, 8,-and 9. In making theso--called instantaneous exposures the bulb stop lever is also moved toan inoperative position by the cam finger 99 thereon, which is ushed.

inwardly and held by the projection 9 when the member 91 isrotated toposition-the pointer in register'with one or another of thespeed-indlcatin .numerals 25, 50 or 100.

The tension of t e motor spring 57 and the spring 60,; operatingthemaster member, are. both proportioned to'normall give an .exposureofa. duration 051/25 0 a second,

but as it is desirable in some instances to make quicker exposures byincreasing the speed of movement of the master member and blades, thesesprings are arrangedto co-act with the tension-adjusting finger 100arranged at the extremity of the arm 101 on the member 91, when thelatter is adjusted with its indicator in' engagement with either of theindex-numerals 50-or 100. A simple means of accomplishing this object isillustrated inthe drawings in which the end 60 of the spring operatingthe master member is shown prov1ded-w1th'a loop 102 with which thetension finger 100 ehigages and places said end of the spring un ertensionv when the member 91 is adjusted into either of the two last:mentioned positions, as shown particularly in Fig. 10. The motor spring,as before mentioned, is' rovid'ed. with a'coil lying beneath the hea ofthe screw or-stud 58 on which it is loosely journaled, the extremity 59thereof being wrap ed around the end 60 of theajorementioned spring sothat its normal tension is also increased when it is desired to operatepneumatic engine illustrated'in Fig. 1, comprising the cylinder. 103containing the usual piston for operating the lever 104 pivoted to thefront of the camera. casing, at the point 105, and carrying theprojection 106'which is adapted to bear against the boss 107 on theoperating member 65. Thelever 104 extends in rear of the index plate95'and the latter also overlaps the journal rin 44 of the diaphragmadjusting arm an serves to kee these two parts in proper position on theront plate '3.

The studs 53, 6 1'and 71 on which the different members of the shutterare pivoted, extend outwardly from the assembling plate 130 and eachof'the parts arranged on these vided with the outwardly extending ear108, the extremityof which is bent laterally, as indicated at 109-,and'embraces the 'outer end of the stud 53.- Another advantage isobtained in forming the parts in this way, as housings are provided inwhich the respective operating springs of the levers are quired toretain" these in position after the levers with which they cotiperateare as sembled in their proper osition.

Mounted within the casing on the post 110 is a device 111 for indicatingthe number of exposures which consists ofa disk provided an aperture112-inthe front plate 3 of the cator disk extendsthrou h an aperture inthe side wal12, whereby it may be engaged formed b punchin and dyingoperations.

The locating ofthe lade operating member the shutter '81; one of the h'her speeds.- The shutter is also provided with the usual I pivotedat thebottom of the stud and proshutter casing. The peripheryof the indibythe. operators finger to rotateit to cause rating] therewith is the everand is held'in operative position by the sprin 114. Also cooperating.w1th thewhich may bemade from sheet 'metal blanks contained, so thatespecial care is not re- I with numerals, asshown, which register within rear of blades materially reduces the greatly facilitates theassembling operation in addition to providing a structure capable ofwithstanding hard usage.

I claim as my invention: I

1. In a shutter, the combination with a casing comprising a rear andside walls, an interior blade mounting plate fitting within the sidewalls, exposure blades arranged between the rear wall and the plate anda member located behind theblades for operating them, of mechanismarranged on the front of the plate and within the side walls of thecasing for controllin the movement of the blade operating mem er.

2. In a shutter, the combination with a casing comprising side walls anda rear wall provided with a recess, an oscillatory operating memberlocated in the recess, and expoSure blades arranged in front of ando1er-. atively connected to said-member, of a b ade mounting platearranged within the casing in front of the blades and mechanismassembled on the front of the plate and within the casing forcontrolling the movement of the blade operating member. v

3 Ina shutter, the combination with a casing having a rear wall providedwith 'an aperture, exposure blades for closing said aperture arrangedinthe casing and a memher for operating the blades arran ed in theaperture of the .rear wall and de ing the limits of the exposureaperture of the shut ter and movabl supported on the rearwall,

of mechanism or controlling the movementof the blades 4. In a shutter,-

. casing having a rear wall and provided with a circular aperture, aringforming the ex- 5. In a shutter, the combindtion a posure apertureof the shutter journale d on the edge of the wall surrounding theaperture, offblades arranged withinthe casin and operated by the ringforopening an closing the exposure aperture and mechanism also locatedwithin the shutter casing for controlling the opening and cloI-fingmovement of'the'blades.

casing provided with arear' wall, having an outwardly projectingcollalrhaving a ball race way located in. rear of the inner face of thewall,1bal1s arranged" theraceway lmd a ring journaled on the'balls andprojecting into the casing, of exposure 1 lades arran ed in the latterand adapted to be operated y" the ringand mechanism lo.

the combination "with a cated in the casing in front of the blades forcontrolling the movement of the Illlg.

6. In a shatter, the combination with a casing havin an apertured rearwall, an extension col ar secured thereto, the proximate edges of thewall and collar being chamfered to provide a ball race, bearing ballstherein and an annular member jour naled on the balls, of exposureblades arranged within the casing and operated by said member andmechanism for controlling the opening and closing movement of. theblades.

7. In a shutter, the combination with a casing, having a rear wallprovided with an aperture and a rearwardly extending collar thereonsurrounding saidaperture and provided with a' ball raceway, bearingballs arranged therein and a journal member de fining the limits of theexposure aperture saidballs, of taxing mounted on the member, pivotedexposure blades connected to the casing and ring and operated by therotary movement of one of said parts relatively to vmechanism forcontrolling the movement of the blades.

8. In a shutter, the combination with a central aperture and having arecess formed in its inner face surrounding the aperture and a ringjournaled in the latter having a laterally extending flange located insaid rccess, of exposure blades pivotal'ly connected to said flange andthe wall of the casing .and devices for oscillating said ring to adjustthe blades into open and closed po sitions. y

9. In a shutter, the combination with a casing having a rear wallprovided with a central aperture and having arrecess formed in its outerface-surrounding the aperture, an extension collar-fitting the rear wallhaving a fiangecentered in said recess, the proximate edges of the rearwall and collar withand'locatedin the aperture'and studs arenged bla esjournaled on the studs of the member and .codperating-with those onthe-wall" to cause them to open and -close the aperture to the other,-a. plate arranged within the casing-and fitted over the studs to holdthe blades thereon andfmechanism mounted on arranged within the collarand supported on casing having a rear wall provided with a I oscillatorymember ournaled. on said well the other to open and close the apertureand I in the aperture. being chamfered to form a 12o on-the' wallandmember, ofexposure when one of thepart's is oscillated relatively,

the plate for controlling their opening andclosin movement.

11. n a shutter, the combination with a casing havin an apertured rearwall and provided wit a recess in its inner :face surrounding theaperture, an oscillatory member journaled on the edge of the wallsurrounding the aperture and a ring secured thereto and lying in therecess and provided with an operating I rojection, studs .on. the

wall and ring an overlapping exposure blades cooperating with saidstuds, a plate arranged in the casing and fitting over said studs toretain the blades thereon and provided with an aperture accommodatingthe,

, operating projection-and a plate overlying her for o erating them alllocated in'the re-. I cess in t e plate, devices mounted on the' theblades havinga central opening, and a surrounding recess in its outerface and provided with,an aperturethrou'gh which the projection 'on theoperatin member extends, of adjustable diaphragm lilades and a memfrontof the plate and coiiperatingwith the projection for controlling themovement of exteriorly the blades and means extending it .of the shuttercasing foradjusting the dia- 40' apertured wall, a plurality ofbladesextend- I mg l nwardl .and havin their points over flapping at hthe. latter, of pivota'lsup orts for the blades phragm blades, I 13. Ina shutter,.the combination with an e-center of t e aperture to close I Ied exteriorly of t e aperture each'qf said'b ades having alate'ral edgeand av bot-- tom edge'ada'pted to cotiperate with the'bot tom andlateral edges respectively of the adrated to form a c'entr I extensions.and means for oscillating jacent bladeduring their opening movement andafter their points have been sepaa opening havingradiatin the lades toopen and close the aperture.

14.- In" a shutter, the combination with an apertured wall andmovable-exposure blades I having points-overlapping at the center of acent" 1 ex the-aperture and clos' blades being provided w th a lateraland a it, each of said bottom edge meshing at, its oint and co operatingwith the bottom an lateral edges respectivelyof. the adjacent bladetoformsure opening having a radial ""n w ich decreases insize until thepoints of the blades overla in theirelosing movement, of a member oroperating the having outer blades and means for controlling its move- Lment;

15. In a shutter, the combination with an apertured wall, and movableexposure blades ivoted ends and oints at their 1nner en 5 overlapping att e center of the aperture and closing it, each of said blades beingprovided with a lateral and a bottom edge which respectively cooperatewith the bottom and lateral edges of the adjacent blade to form duringthe1r opening and closing movements a central ex osure o ening havingradial extensions, said lades' a so having, at the outer ends of theirlat eral edges, portions for aiding the point of each ad'acent blade,.o%means for oscillating the lades. a

16. In a shutter, the combination with an apertured wall havinprojections thereon and a member mova le relatively thereto providedwith bosses in proximity to the projections, of ex osure blades providedwith perforations ranged with their inner ends overlapping and closingthe a erture and having their outer ends slotte and fittingthevpr'oje'c- -tions, said blades being provided with laterallyextending shoulders surrounding their perforations and at the sides oftheir slots. 17. In a shutter, the combination with pivoted exposureblades, a member for open-- ing and closing them and avmaster membercooperating therewith, of a-bulb exposure lever adapted to moveinto thepath of the master member, an operating member for setting the mastermember 'WlllCh cooperates tting the bosses and ary with said lever tonormal I movegitinto inoperative position and re ease it after themaster member is set, end a pivoted time lever carried-en the bulbjleverand also con:

htlled by the operatin lin'ember in its moveent into and out of t "ep'at h of the master mmber I I ,I 118. In a shutter, the combinationwith pivoted exposure blades, a member 'for openmg and closmg the and'amaster member cooperating therewi ,i of bulbs-and time exposure levers'both 'havi to engagesuccessively with I her during itsmovement in onedirection, an operating member "eooperatin with the stops" adaptedmaster member and the bulb-an time levers .1 I

which in moving in-one direction operates and releases the mastermemberand allows "the bulb lever to." move into engagement therewith and intraveling 'in the opposite direction disen gee the bulb lever and alzverto-"engage the master lows the time her.

1 9. Ina-shutter, the combination with a casing, ex ure bladestherem,'a*member for operating them, and a mastermember for actuatingit, of bulb and time stoplevers cooperating with the I master member andprovided with opposing surfaces, ap,

e'master memoperating member for setting the master member ving aportion lying between and coiiperating with said cam surfaces to allowsaid-leversto successivelyengage. the master member.

20. In a shutter, the combination with a casing, exposure blades'thereima member for operating them, and a master member for actuating it, ofbulb and time stop levers adaptedto coiiperate with the master membar, apivoted-time controlling member operating with .both levers foradjusting and holding them in inoperative position and an operatingmember coiiperating with the master member. 1

21; in a shutter, the'combination with a casing, exposure bladestherein, a member for operating them, and a master member for actuatingit, of bulb and time stop levers adapted to coiiperate with the mastermember, having opposing cam surfaces, a pivoted time controlling membercooperating with the levers havin a projection adapted to move the timelever into an inoperative position and subsequently move the bulb leverinto inoperative position and hold both vlevers-whenso adjusted and anopersting member cobperating with the master member. i

22. in a shutter, the combination with a casing, exposure bladestherein, a member for operating them and a master memberoooperatingtherewith, of motor springs for driving the operating andmaster members, bulb'andtime stop'levers adapted to 006perate with themaster member, atime controlling member adjustable into"engageme'nt withthe levers for moving them into inop- 'erative position having a fingeradapted to engage with and place the motor springs under tension. and adevice forsetting the master member. v V

23. In a shutter, the combination with a casing,- exposure bladestherein, a member ior operating them and a master member coo'peratingtherewith, of motor springs for,

driving thee erating and master members,

p a pivoted" bu b stop lever aid :1 pivoted time lever mounted thereon,both adapted to eoiiperate with the master member and'hav mg opposingcam surfaces, a tune-control-- provided with a shoulder and a trippingsurface extending thereon, said lever normally moving in a direction toarrest the master member, a tripping projection on the setting devicecoiiperating with the shoulder on the lever to limit the retrogrademovement the tripping surface to carry the out of operative position. A

25. In a shutter, the combination with a casing, exposure blades thereinand mechanism for actuating them, includin a setting member foroperating said mcc ianism, of an exposure indicator which isadjusted bysafety 'stop movement 0 the exposure blades.

26.- In arshutter, the combination with a casing, exposure bladestherein and mechanism for operating them,-of a setting member foractuating said mechanism, an exposure indicating characters thereon anda pawl operated by the setting ing with the indicator.

27. In a shutter, the combination with a casing, exposure blades thereinand mechanism for operating them, of a setting member for actuating saidmechanism, a disk pivot ed within the casing having indices thereon ofthe casing and means for rotating the disk step-by-step upon eachexposure of the blades.

PAUL- J. MARKS. Witnesses: I G. WILLARD Rioir, RUssnLL B. GRIFFITH atime lever having a safety stop adapted to engage with the master memberstop 'and of the setting device and coiiperating with;

the 'operatin mechanism upon each opening and having a portionprojecting exteriorlj indicator arranged within the casing having memberand cotiperat-

